Exclusively sexual reproduction (Unwin and Stebbing 1920; Ridley and Thompson 1979).
Internally insemination (Wilson 1991)
Direct development within the brood pouch (Wolff 2009; Vick and Blum ; MartÃnez and Defeo 2006; Brusca RC 1985)
Females produce a variable number of eggs (Arakelova 2001) and large females tend to produce more eggs (Arakelova 2001).
Females produce eggs even in the absence of males, which remain unfertilized (Needham 1942; Marchetti and Montalenti 1990).
Females are ready for fertilization only during a limited time window, when the oviducal openings are free (during approx. 24 hours following moulting). For that reason, the species practice a pre-copula (see below)